ABSTRACT
Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), one of the greatest challenges facing humanity, continues to affect millions of people worldwide. Vaccines approved and authorized for use are effective against COVID-19, but viral variants of concern may emerge in the near future. The discovery of novel antiviral agents will help humanity overcome COVID-19 and aid in any future viral pandemics. Objective(s): This review aimed to evaluate evidence from the plant-and seaweed-derived secondary com-pound-based interventions for viral diseases caused by coronaviruses. Method(s): A comprehensive search of several databases, including Cochrane Library, Web of Science and PubMed was conducted to identify available studies evaluating the outcomes of plant-and seaweed secondary metabolites in viral diseases such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and COVID-19. Result(s): The volume of existing reports is irrefutable evidence that some plant-and seaweed-derived secondary compounds (e.g., mannose-specific lectins, griffithsin, cyanovirin-N, gallate, curcumin, luteo-lin, quercetin and betulinic acid) possess a potential antiviral ability against coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion(s): Plant and seaweed secondary metabolites with antiviral activity show their activity in different metabolic pathways. Besides reducing and preventing the metabolic damage caused by proinflamma-tory cytokines and oxidative stress, several plants and seaweed secondary metabolites can also be effective in improving some clinical indexes specific to COVID-19. Despite their effectiveness in preclinical studies, plant and seaweed-derived secondary compounds need more pharmacokinetic studies and safety measures concerning their mitogenic and allergenic properties.Copyright © 2022 Bentham Science Publishers.
ABSTRACT
The jelly from achenes of Ficus pumila var. awkeotsang (FPAA) is a famous beverage ingredient in Taiwan. In this work, ficumarin (1), a new compound was obtained from its twigs (FPAT) and elucidated with comprehensive spectroscopic data. The biosynthetic origin was proposed from the p-coumaroyl-CoA pathway. Alloxanthoxyletin, betulinic acid, and catechin were identified as the major and active constituents responsible for relieving neutrophilic inflammation by FPAT. Among them, the most potent alloxanthoxyletin was found to interact with PRO350 and GLU377 of human INOSOX. Further, Nrf2 activating capacity of the FPAT fraction and its coumarins was confirmed. With the analysis of LC-MS/MS data and feature-based molecular networking, coumarins were found as the dominant and responsible components. Notably, alloxanthoxyletin increased Nrf2 expression by up to 816.8 +/- 58% due to the interacting with the VAL561, THR560 and VAL420 residues of 5FNQ protein. COVID-19 Docking Server simulation indicated that pyranocoumarins would promisingly interfere with the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2. FPAT was proven to exert. Copyright © 2022 Taiwan Food and Drug Administration.
ABSTRACT
Despite the development and implementation of vaccinations, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has persisted for more than two years due to emerging novel variants. The new Omicron lineages are being intensively monitored by WHO. Scientists from all over the world have reported the recombinant variants, but their existence remains a point of contention. Currently, XE and BA.2 are the most common variants. Deltracron (a recombinant of Delta and Omicron) has been discovered in several investigations, although some experts believe the sequences that confirm its emergence are the product of contamination. This study looked at emerging variants including XD, XE, and XF, as well as various omicron lineages (BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, and BA.5). Bioactive lipids including arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid have been highlighted as possible COVID-19 therapeutics. On the other hand, herbal remedies are supposed to be the key player in minimizing the fatality rates in India. Coronil, a herbal formulation was found to be the evidence-based medicine against SARS-CoV-2. The activity of the Coronil is attributed to its diverse bioactive composition which includes cordifolioside A, rosmarinic acid, magnoflorine, withaferin A, ursolic acid, withanone, palmatine, betulinic acid, withanoside IV, and withanoside V. The interaction of bioactive lipids, Coronil and SARS-CoV-2 emerging variants might be beneficial in the management of pandemic until the herd immunity is achieved.